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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion-limited_aggregation Limited Diffusion Aggregation (LDA) is a process of aggregation that can occur in nature, especially during the formation of minerals in a liquid environment. We can simulate it like here with a random walk of particles that aggregate to each other then they touch a fixed particle. Those formations have some interesting properties as they form branch like structures and don't often connect with each other. This can also be used to create 3d terrains if we imagine the resulting structures as a top view of a mountain range. You then need to define an height value to each pixel (like the distance to a leaf of the branch) and blur everything out. Then, apply this as a multiplier on top of a noise function (Perlin is good in this case) and you got yourself realistic mountains !
