Heya! I will be talking about the periodic table / chart! I will be naming the elements and telling you about them! This might be long, so it is split into parts. Anyway, all information based on what researchers have put on the Wikipedia page. This will have a little pop quiz at the end to see how much you know! Just letting you know about that. ~*~ H (Hydrogen): Shortened: Name = Hydrogen Symbol = H Atomic Number = 1 Atomic Mass = 1.01 Atomic Weight = 1.0074(7) Group = Group 1 Isotopes: 3 Discovered / Produced = 17th century (1600s) or 1766 - 1781 Longer: Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has the symbol H and the atomic number of 1. It is the lightest and most abundant chemical gas in the universe. It actually makes up about 75% of the earth's atmosphere plus all of earth's matter. Under certain conditions, hydrogen is a gas which contains diatomic molecules with the formula known as H₂. H₂ can be known as dihydrogen, hydrogen gas, molecular hydrogen, or simply hydrogen. H₂ is a colorless, odorless, non-toxic and highly flammable/explosive gas. Some stars in our galaxy (milky way), for example, the sun, mainly consist of this gas/element in its plasma state. On earth, hydrogen is known as the H₂ gas, which we went over the name of. It is also found in water (H₂O) and organic compounds. A common isotope of hydrogen is ¹H, it consists of one proton, one electron, and zero neutrons. Hydrogen was produced first produced in the 17th century (1600s) artificially, being mixed with acids and metals. Henry Cavendish in 1766 - 1781, discovered that hydrogen could form water when burned, which is where the element's name came from! In Greek, it originally meant, "water former." Understanding the colors that hydrogen could absorb and emit was a crucial part in understanding quantum mechanics (we will get to that part later on). In the early universe, about 370,000 years after the big bang incident, neutral hydrogen atoms started to form as the universe expanded, and plasma had started to cool down, just enough for electrons to remain bound to the protons. After stars began to form, most hydrogen in space started to re-ionize (which basically means its atoms converted back to an ionized state). Okay, now that we got that over with, let's go over hydrogen's isotopes! If you don't know what an isotope is, look below in the credits. If you want a shorter version: An isotope is 2 or more forms of an element, with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. Hydrogen has 3 isotopes, which are Protium (¹H), Deuterium (²H), and Tritium (³H). We can leave out ⁴H - ⁷H since they are being experimented on in laboratories but have never been found in nature. Anyway, carrying on with hydrogen's *main* isotopes: Protium is the most common isotope of Hydrogen, its abundance is >99.98% since it only has 1 proton (if you don't know what it is, you can look for its definition below in the credits). It was given the rarely used name, protium, it is the only stable isotope which has no neutrons whatsoever. Deuterium is another stable isotope of hydrogen but has 1 proton and neutron. Nearly all deuterium nuclei were thought to have produced in the big bang (as I explained earlier) and has endured everything since that time (which, to be specific, has endured the universe for about 13.8 BILLION. YEARS.). For an amazing fact, deuterium is not a radioactive substance and is a not a toxic hazard. Deuterium is actually known as heavy water, heavy water is slightly sweet and is more dense than normal water (H₂O), but it can be kind of dangerous to drink unless you drink it in small amounts. Tritium is the 3rd isotope of hydrogen. It has 1 proton and 2 neutrons. It is radioactive and decays into helium-3 and has half-life of about 12.32 years. It is radioactive enough to be used in paint that can glow (luminous paint). Tritium is also used in nuclear weapon tests (which could possibly contain tests with atomic and nuclear bombs) and nuclear fusion. So, going back to H₂, which is dihydrogen (a gas that hydrogen can become under certain conditions. If you don't know what it is, scroll back up to the top to find it) Well, let's discuss it! So, yes. We know that dihydrogen is a flammable, colorless, and odorless gas which hydrogen can turn into under certain conditions. Dihydrogen is highly flammable as we know. Reacting to oxygen (we will get to that later on in Pt. 8) would produce liquid water, here is the formula for it: "2 H2(g) + O2(g) → 2 H₂O(l)" The amount of heat released per a mole of hydrogen is -286 kilojoules (kJ) or could is equal to 141.865 megajoules (MJ) for a 1 kg (kilogram, 1 is also equal to 2.2 lbs [pounds]) mass. Hydrogen gas (dihydrogen) can sometimes form explosive mixtures in the air in concentrations that can range from 4% - 74%, and with chlorine at 5% - 95%. (Continued in the notes and credits)
Welp, that all you need to know, if you are able to, you can read the official source here! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen You can ask me questions about this project and hydrogen, and I can try to answer you. The quiz is below. You can put your answers in the comments! You can explain or just give a straight answer. Other definitions: --- States of matter (matter): A matter is a distinct form of matter that exists, which either contains liquid, gas, water, or plasma. The states of matter depend on how it's particles (or atoms/molecules) are arranged. --- Atomic Numbers: An atomic number for an element (Ex.: Hydrogen's atomic number is 1) is the number of protons in an element's atomic nucleus. --- Nucleus: A nucleus contains the protons and sometimes neutrons of a chemical atom. Proton: A proton (+) is a positive electrical charge in an atom, which its mass is also equal to an electron in an atom. Neutron: A subatomic particle found in an atom, but it has no type of electrical charge, it has the same mass as a proton. Electron: An electron (-) is a stable particle found in atoms that has a negative charge of electricity and can be found in all types of atoms. --- Isotope: An isotope is at least 2 or more forms of the same element that contain the equal number of protons but have a different number of neutrons in their nuclei. They have different atomic masses but not in chemical properties, which basically, is a radioactive form of an element. ~*~ First: You're here! Previous: That is not possible (◕‿◕) Next: Nope ~*~ Tags: #school #chemistry #physics #learning #periodictable #elements #periodicchart #hydrogen #h ~*~ Pop quiz: 1. What is dihydrogen? 2. What are the main isotopes of hydrogen and how many isotopes are there? 3. Which isotope of hydrogen is radioactive and used for nuclear weapon tests and nuclear fusions? 4. What percent of hydrogen makes up earth's atmosphere? 5. What type of hydrogen isotope is called, "heavy water"? 6. When was hydrogen produced/discovered? ~*~ Answers: 1. Dihydrogen is a type of hydrogen gas which contains diatomic molecules. 2. This is a trick question! Hydrogen has 3 isotopes. Protium, deuterium, and tritium. ⁴H - ⁷H are not included as we are talking about isotopes found in nature. 3. Tritium is the used isotope for nuclear tests and fusion, as it is radioactive. 4. Hydrogen makes up about 75% of earth's atmosphere 5. Deuterium is called "heavy water." 6. Hydrogen was first produced in the 1600s, but then discovered in 1766 - 1781 by Henry Cavendish.
