2. Piece Movement & Capture King: Moves one square in any direction (horizontal, vertical, diagonal). Queen: Moves any number of squares horizontally, vertically, or diagonally (Rook + Bishop). Rook: Moves any number of squares horizontally or vertically. Bishop: Moves any number of squares diagonally. Knight: Moves in an 'L' shape (two squares one way, then one square perpendicular). Pawn: Moves one square forward (two on its first move), captures one square diagonally forward. Check: The King is under immediate attack. Checkmate: The King is in check and has no legal moves to escape (Game Over). Stalemate: A draw where the player whose turn it is has no legal moves, but their King is not in check. Castling: A special move involving the King and a Rook.
