E COUNTRIES: Serbia Montenegro Bulgaria Greece Albania Ottoman Empire CONTEXT OF THE FIRST BALKAN WAR: The First Balkan War (October 1912–May 1913) was fought by the Balkan League (Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Montenegro) to expel the Ottoman Empire from its remaining European territories. Fueled by nationalism and supported by Russia, the alliance sought to liberate Christian populations and expand their territories, taking advantage of a weakened Ottoman military distracted by the Tripolitanian War with Italy.
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