To read the time, the hour is the circled number on the giant cog. The minutes are determined by adding up the numbers next to the top marbles of each column (an empty column is zero). Morning and afternoon is shown with the circled AM or PM. Example- 3 is the selected number on the cog, the top marble on the first column is 40, the second column 15, and the third 1. The time would be 3:56.