This is a work in progress. If you want to learn more about sine and cosine, you should have another guide, but here are the basics: Think of the circle like a grid. It has an x- and y- axis. It is between -1 and 1. When you choose an amount of degrees, a right triangle appears with a right angle, and an angle with the decided amount. The hypotenuse is always 1, because that's how far it is from the centre to the edge (0 to 1 in the grid). Sine is how far to the right (or left) the hypotenuse touches the edge (the x value) and cosine is the y value. Opp stands for opposite (which basically works as the y value/the height of the value that goes up-down, which means the cosine for that angle. The sine value is the adj.
I made this by myself and my knowledge, but it would have been painful if it were'nt for scratch's built-in sin and cos blocks. Of course you can solve it without them, but that would be much harder.