The little penguin (Eudyptula minor) is the smallest species of penguin in the world, and originates from New Zealand and Australia. It is commonly known as the fairy penguin, little blue penguin, or blue penguin, owing to its slate-blue plumage and is also known by its Māori name kororā. It is a marine neritic species that dives for food throughout the day and returns to burrows on the shore at dusk. Eudyptula minor feathers are dense in melanosomes, which increase water resistance and give them their unique blue colour. The little penguin is the world's smallest penguin. At about 40 centimetres high (the height of a rugby ball) it generally weighs just over 1 kilogram. The scientific name of the little penguin is Eudyptula minor, and the Maori name is kororā, meaning "good little diver". Once common in Golden Bay the conservation status of the kororā around New Zealand is at risk and declining. Coastal development has removed their nesting sites and introduced new threats. Little penguins are killed by dogs, hit by vehicles crossing roads, drowned in set nets and struck by boats at sea.
Adult birds come ashore between May and June to prepare their nests. They nest in underground burrows, under vegetation, in logs and in crevices between rocks (rock retaining walls are a favourite). Since people have occupied their coastal environment, you will find them under houses, boat sheds and wood piles. By day little penguins are out at sea fishing and feeding. They come ashore under the cover of darkness. They can be very noisy when pairing up and sorting out nests. When they are ready to breed, young birds often settle just metres away from where they were raised. Once settled in an area they seldom move away. The breeding season in Mohua Golden Bay lasts from June to February. After breeding, adults spend time fattening up, ready for the moult. Between December and March, the adult penguins will stay ashore to moult, when they will replace all existing feathers with brand new feathers.
