Instructions: Hover over a black circle with an IPA (international phonetic alphabet) symbol to find out how is this sound written, and click on it to hear how it is pronounced. Press space to toggle between vowels and consonants. Notes: - [r] and [l] can function as semivowels. - If there is [ɪ] or [i:] before [n], [d] or [t], they become palatalised (they become [ɲ], [ɟ] and [c], respectively). - There exists a rule which tells you when to write i/í and when y/ý, but I'll explain it in another project. -There are two ways how to know when to write ú and when ů. The first one is easy, but there are a lot of exceptions; the second one is consistent, but you have to know Russian. - First method: if the [u:] is at the beginning of the root of the word (or is a prefix), then write ú; write ů otherwise. However, this doesn't apply to loanwords. -Second method: if the equivalent to [u:] in Russian is "o" (trůn - трон), then write ů; if there's "у", write ú (trojúhelník - треугольник). -The reason why I paired the [r] and [r̝] is not because they're the pair of voiceless and voiced, but because they're both alveolar trills. -Again, if there's [n], [d] or [t] before "ě", the consonant is palatalised. However, if it occurs after [p], [b], [f] or [v], it is read as [pjɛ], [bjɛ] and so on. And if it occurs after [m], then it is read as [mɲɛ]. Credit to: Wikipedia for some of the symbols used here.
