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Information for ease of my teacher ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Brief description of Vibriosis: Vibriosis is a disease caused by bacteria in the genus Vibrio. These bacteria are gram-negative. The disease can be caused when open wounds are exposed to water, especially warm saltwater. You can also get it by eating raw/undercooked shellfish. Cause of Vibriosis and Type of Bacteria: Vibriosis is a disease caused by bacteria in the genus Vibrio. These bacteria are gram-negative. The disease can be caused when open wounds are exposed to water, especially warm saltwater. You can also get it by eating raw/undercooked shellfish. Characteristics: Vibriosis-causing bacteria are gram-negative and comma-shaped. They have flagella, and most species are pathogens, meaning they cause disease. Hosts of pathogen: Basically any animal can be affected by Vibriosis, land or sea-dwelling. Animals with weakened immune systems are especially vulnerable. Life cycle: Vibrio cells reproduce asexually by binary fission. They live in saltwater, although some species live in fresh water. When they come into contact with open wounds, they enter them, infecting the host. They live there until they are either killed by the host's immune system or the host is killed and the bacteria die with it. They reproduce faster if the water temperature is higher. Symptoms: The possible symptoms of Vibriosis are diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, and sores. Sores appear wherever the infection is on the body. One species, Vibrio Vulnificus, eats flesh and may require ampuatation or cause death...! Treatment: If your case isn’t severe, treatment isn’t necessary, although you should drink lots of water to replace water lost in diarrhea. Antibiotics can be used, although they aren’t usually very effective. If you have V. Vulnificus, you may need to get the infected body part amputated. Diagnosis: If the patient has diarrhea and has recently eaten raw/undercooked seafood, especially shellfish; or has a wound infection after being exposed to saltwater, he/she likely has Vibriosis. If the bacteria is found in his/her poop, blood, or wound, Vibriosis can be diagnosed for certain. Mode of Transmission: Vibriosis transmission occurs when wounds are exposed to saltwater or when raw/undercooked seafood is eaten. Prevention: To prevent getting Vibriosis, don’t eat raw/undercooked seafood; wash your hands after handling raw seafood; stay out of saltwater if you have a wound (or make sure it’s properly covered); and wash cuts thoroughly if they have been exposed to saltwater/raw seafood. Prognosis/outcomes: People with Vibriosis will have diarrhea and/or stomach cramps and/or nausea and/or vomiting and/or fever and/or chills a day after exposure to Vibrio bacteria. These symptoms can last up to 3 days. Vibrio vulnificus infections can require amputation of the infected limb and can cause death. Most cases of Vibriosis are mild and relatively harmless, leaving no effects. History of Vibriosis: Vibrio cholerae, the bacteria that causes Cholera, was discovered in 1854 by Italian Filippo Pacini. His discovery wasn't well-known until Robert Koch publicized it 30 years later. Diseases showing the same characteristics as Cholera have been recovered in ancient Indian and Greek texts. Vibrio vulnificus, a flesh-eating bacteria, was discovered in 1976. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a commonly-diagnosed bacteria, was discovered by Tsunesaburo Fujino in 1950. Additional information: Vibrio cells reproduce asexually by binary fission. When they come into contact with open wounds, they enter them, infecting the host. They live there until they are either killed by the host's immune system or the host is killed and the bacteria die with it. They reproduce faster if the water temperature is higher. References: https://www.thoughtco.com/bacteria-shapes-373278 https://www.cdc.gov/vibrio/faq.html http://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/epidemiology-fact-sheets/vibriosis-non-cholera/ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio_cholerae https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/history-of-cholera
