Functions! They look terrifying but be careful, they smell fear. Here's a quick hitch-hiker's guide to functions. Let's say you insert an 8, and get a 5. You think that the machine subtracted three from your original value. How do you write that in function notation? Well, imagine the number you inserted is x, and the number you ended up with is y. The answer would be y = x - 3 , try replacing "x" with something new and you might notice that y always equals your number minus three.
New update! Pressing space will show you the answer so it isn't confusing how to structure a function.