Click the green flag (once or twice), choose your error correction level in the top right, enter your link/text, and get an industry-standard QR code! Note: scanning QR codes generated from very large data will likely result in some errors because Scratch has quite limited resolution. It's still reasonably accurate though. 1800 characters of lorem ipsum text only produced 3 incorrect characters when scanned back.
I mostly referred to this tutorial to make this project: https://www.thonky.com/qr-code-tutorial/ More recently, ThioJoe on YouTube made a pretty good high-level explanation of QR codes. It's not enough to make your own generator, but it'll show you what's going on: https://youtu.be/KMsvtqQqz5g Even more recently, Veritasium made a neat explainer on QR codes. Again, it's not enough to make your own generator, but it's an option if you prefer him: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5ebcowAJD8 Made in two feverish days, less than two months before my public college entrance exam. UPDATE Mar 02, 2021: Added an option to explain what's going on as the code is generated! Update Apr 24, 2021: Apparently ThioJoe made a video on Apr 7 about QR codes. That completely preempts my video idea... Update Oct 7, 2024: Veritasium dropped! The only thing left unexplained is the error correction, I think...