VW Beetle Classic

Instructions

(History) "The People's Car" Model of the 1932 Porsche Type 12, Nuremberg Museum of Industrial Culture Type 32 prototype, developed for NSU (Autostadt ZeitHaus, Wolfsburg) Scale model of the W30 prototype The original concept behind the first Volkswagen, the company, and its name is the notion of a people’s car – a car affordable and practical enough for common people to own.[24] Hence the name, which is literally "people's car" in German, pronounced [ˈfɔlksˌvaːɡn̩] (listen)). Although the Volkswagen Beetle was mainly the brainchild of Ferdinand Porsche and Adolf Hitler,[25] the idea of a "people's car" is much older than Nazism and has existed since the mass-production of cars was introduced.[24] In fact, Béla Barényi was able to prove in court in 1953 that Porsche's patents infringed on Barényi's ideas, and therefore Barényi has since been credited with first conceiving the original basic design for this car in 1925.[12] This was noted on the Mercedes-Benz website, including Barényi's original technical drawing,[26][14] dated five years before Ferdinand Porsche claimed to have made his initial version.[27] Barényi also successfully sued Volkswagen for copyright infringement in 1955, whereby his contribution to the creation of the VW Type 1 was legally acknowledged. Contrary to the situation in the United States, where the Ford Model T had become the first car to motorize the masses, contributing to household car ownership of about 33% in 1920 and some 46% in 1930, in the early 1930s, the German auto industry was still mostly limited to luxury models, and few Germans could afford anything more than a motorcycle: one German out of 50 owned a car.[28] In April 1934, Hitler gave the order to Porsche to develop a Volkswagen.[note 1] The epithet Volks-, literally "people's-", had been applied to other Nazi-sponsored consumer goods as well, such as the Volksempfänger ("people's radio"). In May 1934, at a meeting at Berlin's Kaiserhof Hotel, Hitler insisted on a basic vehicle that could transport two adults and three children at 100 km/h (62 mph) while not using more than 7 litres of fuel per 100 km (32 mpg US/39 mpg UK).[16] The engine had to be powerful enough for sustained cruising on Germany's Autobahnen. Everything had to be designed to ensure parts could be quickly and inexpensively exchanged. The engine had to be air-cooled because, as Hitler explained, not every country doctor had his own garage. (Ethylene glycol antifreeze was only just beginning to be used in high-performance liquid-cooled aircraft engines. In general, water in radiators would freeze unless the vehicle was kept in a heated building overnight or drained and refilled each morning.)[29] The "People's Car" was to be made available to citizens of Germany through a savings scheme, or Sparkarte (savings booklet),[30] at 990 ℛℳ, about the price of a small motorcycle. (The average weekly income was then around 32 ℛℳ.)[31] Due to the outbreak of war in 1939, none of the participants in the savings scheme ever received a car. In 1950 a lawsuit was issued that, after 12 years of trial, ultimately provided a credit of 12% off the list price of a new VW base model or less than five times the money paid into the saving scheme.[32]